Renoprotective Effect of Sanjiao Qushi Prescription Against Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin Induced Membranous Nephropathy Mice Model and Its Influence on Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the renoprotective effects that Sanjiao Qushi prescription ameliorates cationic bovine serum albumin （C-BSA） induced membranous nephropathy（MN） in mice model and its influence on nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2（Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1（HO-1） signaling pathway. Method:Sixty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal group（<italic>n</italic>=10） and the model group（<italic>n</italic>=50）. The mice in the model group received C-BSA injection via tail vein （6.5 mg·kg^-1）. The mice that were successfully modeled were randomized into the model group， the low dose Sanjiao Qushi prescription group（3.71 g·kg^-1）， the high dose Sanjiao Qushi prescription group（7.42 g·kg^-1） and benazepril hydrochloride group（1.3 mg·kg^-1）. And they were administered with the corresponding medicine by gavage once a day for four consecutive weeks. 24 hour-urine protein quantitation were performed before C-BSA injection and after C-BSA injection as well as the medicine gavage. When the treatment was finished， all of the mice were sacrificed and the biochemical indicators such as serum creatinine（SCr）， blood urea nitrogen（BUN）， triglyceride（TG）， total cholesterol（TC）， total protein（TP） and albumin（Alb） were measured. And the renal pathological morphology changes were observed by light microscope with hematoxylineosin（HE）， Masson and periodic acid-silver metheramine（PASM） staining. The deposition of immunoglobulin G（IgG） in the glomerulus was detected by fluorescence microscope. The expression of reactive oxygen species （ROS） of kidney was detected by fluorescence immunoassay. The protein expression levels of Nrf2 in cell nucleus and cytoplasm and the downstream protein factors HO-1 and NADH quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1（NQO1） were detected by Western blot. Result:Compare to normal group， the levels of 24 hour-urine protein quantitation， TG and TC significantly increased in model group（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while TP and Alb levels significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The model group exhibited enlarged volume of glomerular， significantly thickened glomerular basement membrane（GBM）， fuchsinophilic protein deposition and spike formation through light microscope. Immunofluorescence staining for the model group exhibited granular deposition of IgG along the capillary wall. The expression of ROS in kidney significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The protein expression levels of Nrf2 in cell nucleus significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while Nrf2 in cytoplasm significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）.The protein expression levels of HO-1 and NQO1 significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared to model group， the levels of 24 hour-urine protein quantitation， TG and TC significantly decreased in each treated group（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， TP and Alb levels significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The pathological damages alleviated obviously. The expression of ROS in kidney significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The protein expression levels of Nrf2 in cell nucleus significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while Nrf2 in cytoplasm significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The protein expression levels of HO-1 and NQO1 significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Sanjiao Qushi prescription worked on MN mice possibly by regulating related proteins in the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and relieving oxidative stress， thus decreasing 24 hour-urine protein and blood lipid， increasing serum protein， and alleviating the pathological damages to protect renal function and delay progress of the disease.

Study on mechanism of combination of Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus with homology of medicine and food in treating pneumonia / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the potential molecular mechanism of the combination of Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus with the homology of medicine and food in the treatment of pneumonia by means of network pharmacology and in vitro verification experiment. Under the condition of bioavailability(OB)≥30% and drug-like(DL)≥0.18, the active components of Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus were screened in TCMSP database; the prediction targets of active components were searched from TCMSP, DrugBank and other databases, and the potential targets of pneumonia were obtained through GeneCards and OMIM database. The common targets were obtained by the intersection of drug and disease targets. The PPI network of common targets was constructed by STRING 11.0, and the core targets were obtained by topological analysis. Then the core targets received GO and KEGG analysis with use of WebGestalt and Metascape. The "component-target-pathway" network was constructed with the help of Cytoscape 3.7.1 software, and the component-target molecular docking verification was carried out with Discovery Studio 2016 software. Finally, the core targets and pathways were preliminarily verified in vitro. In this study, 12 active components were screened, 225 drug prediction targets and 420 potential diseases targets were obtained based on data mining method, and 14 core targets were obtained by topological analysis, including TNF, MMP9, AKT1, IL4 and IL2. The enrichment results of GO and KEGG showed that "Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus" drug pair may regulate inflammation, cell growth and metabolism by acting on 20 key signaling pathways such as TNF and IL-17, thereby exerting anti-pneumonia effects. The results of molecular docking showed that 12 active components had good binding ability with 14 core targets. In vitro experiment results showed that the core components of "Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus" drug pair could inhibit the expression of MMP9 and TNF-α by regulating TNF signal pathway. This study confirmed the scientificity and reliability of the prediction results of network pharmacology, and preliminarily revealed the potential molecular mechanism of the compatibility of Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus in the treatment of pneumonia. It provides a novel insight on systematically exploring the mechanism of the compatible use of Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus, and has a certain reference value for the research, development and application of new drugs.

Analysis of Influence of Jiangxi Characteristic Processing Technology on Chemical Compositions of Aurantii Fructus Based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To compare the effects of different processing techniques on the chemical constituents of Aurantii Fructus for screening the dominant decoction pieces. Method:UPLC-Q/TOF-MS was used to detect the chemical constituents of Aurantii Fructus, chromatography separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm), and gradient elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A)-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution (B) as mobile phase (0-10 min, 5%-35%B; 10-18 min, 35%-75%B; 18-21 min, 75%-100%B; 21-24 min, 100%B; 24-24.1 min, 100%-5%B; 24.1-28 min, 5%B). Data acquisition was carried out in electrospray ionization (ESI) under the positive ion mode, the scanning range was m/z 50-1 200. The chemical constituents in methanol extract of Aurantii Fructus were identified according to reference substance, relative molecular weight, mass spectrometric cleavage rule and literature information. SIMCA-P 13.0 software was used to establish principal component analysis (PCA) model and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model of Aurantii Fructus processed products, PCA score plot, PLS-DA loading plot and variable importance in the protection (VIP) values were obtained to screen the material basis for the main differences before and after processing of Aurantii Fructus. Result:A total of 54 chemical components were identified by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. PCA indicated that there were significant differences among different groups of Aurantii Fructus processed by different methods. A total of 14 chemical components with VIP value >1 were screened by PLS-DA as the main chemical markers for the differences before and after processing, including hesperidin, poncirin, narirutin, etc. The comprehensive weighted score showed that the content of effective components in Aurantii Fructus processed with honey bran was the highest. Conclusion:The contents of chemical constituents in Aurantii Fructus before and after processing are significantly changed. Flavonoids are the most important compounds to distinguish different processed products of Aurantii Fructus. Aurantii Fructus processed with honey bran is the dominant variety.

Clinicopathological and survival features of primary hepatic lymphoma: an analysis of 35 cases / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five patients with PHL who underwent surgical resection and were confirmed by pathology in our hospital from 1982 to 2012 were re-evaluated for clinicopathological data, including their symptoms, radiological features, recurrence interval, histopathological properties and prognosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 35 patients, 25 were men (71.4%) and 10 were women (28.6%), with an average age of 52.6 years old (range, 17-79 years). Presented symptoms were epigastric phymatosis, abdominal pain and low-grade fever. In the present study, 21 (60.0%) patients were positive for HBsAg, 1(2.9%) patient was positive for anti-HCV, 3 patients were positive for AFP, 12 patients and 2 patients were complicated by cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Pathologically, 35 PHL were classified into 19 DLBCL (54.3%), 13 T cell-lymphoma (37.1%), and 3 MALT lymphoma (8.6%). Patients with DCBCL showed better postoperative survival than patients with T cell-lymphoma (31.7 ± 3.2) months vs. (22.9 ± 2.2) months (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may contribute to the pathogenesis of Chinese patients with PHL. Surgical resection followed by comprehensive therapy is the first-line option for PHL. The prognosis of patients with PHL is associated with PHL subtypes.</p>

Clinical study on the prevention of heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty by Xiaozhong Zhitong / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the therapeutic effects of Xiaozhong Zhitong mixture preventing heterotopic ossification (HO) after total hip arthroplasty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2006 to October 2009, 154 patients underwent total hip replacement surgery were randomly divided into sham group (group A, 50 cases), indomethacin group (group B, 55 cases) and Xiaozhong Zhitong mixture group (group C, 49 cases). Among 154 patients, 9 cases were primary osteoarthris, 34 cases osteoarthritis secondary to acetabular dysplasia, 98 cases osteoarthritis secondary to avascular necrosis of the femoral head, 2 cases rheumatoid arthritis, 5 cases femoral neck fracture, 6 cases other diseases. Modified Gibson approach was used during the operation. After operation, group A was no preventing treatment, group B was treated by indomethacin 50 mg every time, twice a day; group C was treated by Xiaozhong Zhitong mixture 50 ml every time, twice a day for 4 weeks. Eighteen months after operation was study termination point and X-ray (including the double hip anteroposterior,obturator oblique and iliac oblique film) was used to observe whether heterotopic ossification was formed (Brooker classification was used to evaluate ossification degree); Harris scoring was used to evaluate the function of hip joint,including PAHSS 80 scores and IAHSS 20 scores.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up,with the average of duration of 21.2 months. The condition of heterotopic ossification: for group A,there were 27 cases with heterotopic ossification(54%) ,and Brooker I in 8 cases, II in 9 cases, III in 8 cases and IVin 2 cases; for group B, there were 12 cases heterotopic ossification (21.82%), and Brooker I in 10 cases, II in 2 cases; for group C, there were 11 cases heterotopic ossification(22.45%), and Brooker I in 9 cases, I in 2 cases. There was significant difference among three group in heterotopic ossification by rank test (P<0.05), but no difference between group B and C (P>0.05); there were no significant difference among three groups before treatment in Harris, PAHSS and IAHSS by analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) (P>0.05), and has significant difference at 18 months after treatment (P<0.01). There were significant difference in Harris, PAHSS and IAHSS before and after treatment at 18 months (P<0.01). LSD-t was used to analyzed the scoring of Harris, PAHSS and IAHSS, there was significant difference among group A and group B and group C (P>0.05), but no difference between group B and C (P<0.01). There were gastrointestinal reaction in 5 of group A, 35 in group B and 4 in group C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The effect of Xiaozhong Zhitong mixture on the prevention of heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty is similar to indomethacin, but Xiaozhong Zhitong mixture has the advantages of less side effects and easily acceptance by patients.</p>

Gluteal muscle contracture release for the treatment of gluteal muscle contracture induced knee osteoarthritis: a report of 52 cases / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinical efficacy and significance of gluteal muscle contracture release for the treatment of gluteal muscle contracture induced knee osteoarthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2008 to June 2010,52 patients with gluteal muscle contracture induced knee osteoarthritis were reviewed. Among the patients,15 patients were male and 37 patients were female, ranging in age from 15 to 45 years, with an average of 35 years. Eighteen patients had left knee osteoarthritis, 30 patients had right osteoarthritis, and 4 patients had double knee osteoarthritis. All the patients were treated with gluteal muscle contracture release. Lysholm knee score was used to evaluate therapeutic effects before and after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 12 to 37 years,with a mean of 15 months. The Lysholm knee score improved from preoperative (68.12 +/- 0.78) points to postoperative (91.23 +/- 0.47) points at the last follow-up, the difference had statistical difference (t=31.269, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gluteal muscle contracture release is effective to relieve symptoms of gluteal muscles contracture and knee osteoarthritis. The patients with gluteal muscle contracture should be treated early so as to prevent effects of gluteal muscle contracture on knee joint, slow down degeneration of knee joint at early stage, and prevent occurrence of knee osteoarthritis.</p>

C1772T polymorphism of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha gene in Han ethnic population from Northern China / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphism C1772T (SNP/C1772T) in hypoxia-inducible factor -1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) gene in Han ethnic population from Northern China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Allele frequencies in a sample of 206 healthy Chinese Hans were determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The genotype frequencies of C1772T observed in Chinese Hans were 93 % and 7% for CC and CT respectively; and allele frequencies were 96% and 4 %for C and T respectively. There was significant difference in distribution of allele frequencies between Chinese Hans and Caucasian.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The single nucleotide polymorphism of C1772T in HIF-1 alpha gene has difference in different ethnic population.</p>

Expressions of VEGF and Ki-67 in eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis and effect of Quyu Jiedu Recipe on VEGF expression / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical efficacy of Quyu Jiedu Recipe (, QJR) in treating endometriosis (EM), and to explore the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cell proliferative nucleoprotein antigen (Ki-67), their changes before and after treatment and the clinical significance in the trial.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty patients of EM were randomly assigned to two groups. The 26 patients in the QJR group were treated with QJR, and the 24 patients in the gestrinone (GT) group with gestrinone. Besides, a normal control group with 20 healthy women was set up. The therapeutic effects in the two treated groups were compared. Expressions of VEGF and Ki-67 in eutopic endometrium of all subjects (with both patients and healthy women at the median secretive phase) were determined with immunohistochemical stain before treatment, and the determination in the two treated groups was repeated after 3-month treatment in the same phase.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before treatment, the VEGF and Ki-67 expression positive rates and their mean optic density (MOD) were higher in patients than in healthy women (P<0.05). After treatment, the positive rate and MOD of VEGF expression lowered significantly than before treatment (P<0.05), but those of Ki-67 changed insignificantly, and comparison between the two treated groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>QJR could markedly improve the symptoms of menorrhagia and menstrual disorder, and its mechanism might be related with the lowering of eutopic endometrial VEGF expression. VEGF and Ki-67 show a high expression in eutopic endometrium of patients with EM.</p>

Study on mechanism of Quyujiedu method in treating endometriosis of stasis-toxic syndrome type / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the mechanism of Quyujiedu (QYJD, a method for removing stasis and detoxicating) in treating endometriosis of stasis-toxic syndrome type.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical study: Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups, the treated group treated with QYJD and the control group treated with Danazol. The changes of clinical symptoms, physical signs, pregnancy rate, as well as levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and endometrial antibody (EMAb) in them before and after treatment were observed. Experimental study: Sixty rats were established into endometriosis model, and randomly divided into the QYJD treated group, the Danazol treated group for positive control and the untreated group for negative control to observe the expression of Bax.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Clinical study showed that in the treated group and the control group, after treatment, dysmenorrhea score were 2.40 +/- 1.85 and 3.47 +/- 2.03, the menoxenia score 1.67 +/- 2.04 and 3.73 +/- 1.72 (P < 0.05), and the pregnancy rate 63.2% and 23.5% respectively, the difference between them was significant (all P < 0.05). Both of the two treatments can rectify immunity, reduce levels of IL-1 and IL-6, and lower the positive rate of EMAb. Experimental study showed that QYJD could improve the expression of Bax in ectopic endometrium, but could not affect the on-side expression of Bax in endometrium and muscle tissue.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>QYJD is effective in improving the stasis-toxic syndrome of endometriosis, its mechanism related with the regulation of the immune condition and the promotion of cell apoptosis in ectopic endometrium, indicating that QYJD is an effective remedy for endometriosis of stasis-toxic syndrome type.</p>

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of slow troponin T gene in Han ethnic population from Northern China / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To analyze the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Han ethnic population from Northern China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Allele frequencies in a sample of healthy Chinese Hans (n = 204) were determined by polymerase chain reactions followed by restriction analyses with specific endonucleases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The SNP 27916722 A/C in exon 11 from the NCBI database was not detected in this population. And there were significant differences between the allele frequencies of the SNPs (27930097 C/G and 27920978 C/T) in Han ethnic population from Northern China and those in the NCBI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is suggested that the SNPs of sTnT are different in different ethnic populations.</p>

Association between polymorphisms of HIF-1alpha, eNOS genes and individual variation in response to hypoxia training / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigated association between polymorphisms of HIF-1alpha, eNOS genes and individual variation in response to intermittent hypoxia training.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>41 health subjects, completed 4 weeks hypoxia training program (hypoxia exposure 10 h each day and 3 times hypoxia training each week), to observed the relationship between C1772T polymorphism in exon 12 of HIF-1alpha gene and 27-base pair(bp) variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism (VNTR), 4b/a, in intron 4 of eNOS gene and physiological parameters, such as VO2(max), Hb, RBC and SpaO2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that the change of VO2(max) was higher in carriers with CT genotype than those of CC genotype, and the changes of Hb and RBC indicated higher tendency in the subjects carrying the CT genotype. Same results were observed in the changes of SpaO2 during period of exercising under hypoxic condition.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These findings suggested the possible associations between SNP/C1772T, VNTR/4ba and the individual variation in response to hypoxia training.</p>